加拿大BIOL2260 Assignment代写 fundamentals of neuroscience课程代做

往期写作 323 1年前

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你的任务:最大的问题是:我们神经元中的MAC是什么类型的离子通道?它们是只对一种离子有选择性和可渗透性,还是对几种不同的阳离子和/或阴离子无选择性渗透性?如果它们确实只对一种特定的离子种类有选择性地渗透,那么哪一种是最可能的候选者?
你如何通过分析提供的信息(我们的实验数据)来判断这一点?你的工作是。

 

Task:

Your Assignment:
The big question is: What type of ion channels are the MACs in our neurons?  Are they selective and  permeable for  only  one  ion  species,  or  are  they  unselectively  permeable  for  several different cation and/or anion species?  If they are indeed selectively permeable for only one  specific ion species which one is the most likely candidate?

How can you tell this by analyzing the provided information (data from our experiments)? Your job is to
I) formulate a hypothesis describing what type of ion channel we can expect our MACs to be,  and reasonably explain why and how you come to this conclusion (10 points), and

II) think about, describe, explain, and discuss a possible strategy for a follow‐up experiment that we  could  do  to verify your  hypothesis (4  points).  For  part II keep in mind what  factors determine an ion’s equilibrium potentials and how we could use this to test your hypothesis.

In addition, answer the following questions that may help to complete I) and II):

III) Looking at the results (Figure 1, Table 2) describe what forces drive the ion flow across the  membrane through open MACs at ‐ 100 mV, ‐50 mV, 0 mV, +50 mV, and +100 mV.  How does  changes in VM determine the direction of ion flow across the membrane, i.e., the membrane  current we measured (see Figure 1 and Table 2)? (4 points)

IV)  Imagine  doing  this  experiment  without  voltage‐clamp,  i.e.,  have  the  cell  at  its  natural membrane resting potential of VM = ‐55.7 mV when starting stimulation and ions crossing the membrane  through open MACs carrying a membrane current.  How would  the  flow of ions across the membrane (and the current carried by those ions) affect the membrane potential VM under  non‐voltage‐clamp  conditions?    Will  VM  change  or  not,  and  if  it  changes  will  VM become  more  negative  (hyperpolarize)  or  less  negative  (depolarize)?

Explain your answer! (4 points)
V) Will the results of this experiments change if it is conducted at 10 °C? What parameters will change, how does this affect the observed current, and would the change require you to review your hypothesis under I) and follow‐up experiment II)? (3 points)

Sounds though?  Think about what you learned in class and use it to interpret information can be read out of Figure 1 and Table 2.  Ask yourself  the  following questions before writing up your assignment.  Think before you write, and proofread not only for spelling and grammar, but also for logical flow in your argumentation.
 What forces drive the movement of ions across the cell membrane through open ion channels (here MACs) and determine the direction of ion movement at different VM?
 What ion  species  (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, or Cl‐) can carry  the observed current across  the cell membrane at the given VM, i.e., move in the required direction across the membrane at the different VMs to result in the observed current IR?
 Why  did  we  care  about  calculating  and  knowing  equilibrium  potentials  prior  to  our experiments?
 How can we prevent ions from flowing through open ion channels or speed‐up their flow in experiments like this one?
 What will happen if we change  the extracellular concentration of one ion species? Will  this change the resulting membrane current carried by this ion species and the resulting data plot?

MSVU BIOL/PSYC2260    Copyrighted Material for Class Use Only! No Unauthorized Distribution or Publication!
Formal requirements:
The completed Assignment must be uploaded  to Moodle as Word or PDF  file and meet  the following formal requirements:
No photos or scans of handwritten material, even if embedded in a Word or PDF file, will be accepted for evaluation.
Font  type  Times  New  Roman,  Calibri,  or  Arial  in  Size  12  pt.,  Double  Line  Spacing,  2.5‐inch (6 cm) Border on the Right‐Hand Side (to provide room for comments and remarks) and a 1‐inch (2.5 cm) Border on the Left‐Hand Side of each page.
Text must be properly formatted, e.g., Na+ not Na+ or sodium.  Working with text processors and editing software is a required “soft skill” that is expected from academics.
Submitted files must  be  named in  the  format YOUR FIRST NAME_YOUR  LASTNAME  (e.g., jane_doe.doc or john_doe.pdf).
Your FULL NAME must be in the document as part of the text (e.g., as title “Assignment #1 by Jane Doe”)!
Failure to Comply with These Formal Requirements will lead to a 10 %‐Deduction (‐1.5 pts = max 13.5 towards the Final Grade) from the Assignment!

If you are a student from an English-speaking country, please feel free to contact us at [email protected] and we will provide you with an excellent writing service.

 

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